The American Cancer Society (ACS) recommends an annual skin examination by a physician in addition to a monthly self-examination. You should get to know the patterns of your moles, freckles and other markings so you will notice changes, new growth in spot size or a visible sore that does not heal. Have someone examine your back and neck or other areas of your skin that you are unable to examine easily. If you notice any of these types of signs you should talk to your doctor.

> Learn more about melanoma, support groups and classes at California Pacific.

Symptoms

ACS also warns that "for melanoma, the most important warning sign is a change in the size, shape or color of a mole or signs that its border is becoming more ragged. Other symptoms include scaling, bleeding, or change in the appearance of a bump or nodule; the spread of pigmentation beyond its borders; or a change in sensation, itchiness, or pain."

Causes

Normal skin cells are reproduced and old skin cells die and are sloughed off every day. Melanoma develops when something goes wrong in the skin cells that give color to the skin. When the DNA in these skin cells are damaged new cells may begin to grow abnormally and can form a mass of cancerous cells.

Extensive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial tanning booths is one of the leading causes of skin cancer. However, genetic and environmental factors can also play a significant role in who develops melanoma.

Risk Factors

Melanoma risk factors include:
• Fair complexion that burns or freckles easily
• Family or personal history of melanoma
• High levels of exposure to UV radiation, strong sunlight, sunlamps or tanning booths.
• One or more severe blistering sunburns before age 20
• Presence of multiple moles (more than 50)
• Weakened immune system

Prevention

The American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates that in 2008 there will be 62,480 new cases of melanoma in the United States and approximately 8,400 of these people will die. Talk to your doctor about any suspicious moles or skin growths and follow these simple skin protection rules.

> Don’t sunbathe.
> Avoid sun exposure between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., the peak hours of harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
> Use SPF 15 or higher sunscreens everyday.
> Wear protective clothing, long sleeved shirts, long pants, brimmed hats, and sunglasses when outside.
> Avoid tanning booths.
> Examine your skin every three months.