Theories at the forefront of ALS research

Neurotrophic Factors or Nerve Growth Factors

We are investigating neurotrophic factors or nerve growth factors that are naturally occurring human proteins. These proteins are responsible for the healthy development and maintenance of motor neurons and the nervous system. Some scientists believe that abnormally low or impaired neurotrophic factors result in the destruction of the neurons that characterize ALS.

Excitotoxicity Hypothesis

Another research concept offering promise is the excitotoxicity hypothesis. The hypothesis in this research study is one in which motor neurons are overstimulated in ALS patients by substances such as glutamate which are created by the body or introduced into the body by the environment or food. The abnormal response generated by these substances is believed to be toxic to the motor neurons.

Hereditary ALS

Another theory involves a finding linked to hereditary ALS, which is a reduction of the SOD (super dioxide dismutase) enzyme that is responsible for detoxifying highly reactive molecules. Researches have found that approximately 20% of familial ALS patients have a mutation on the chromosome that produces the SOD enzyme. This mutation decreases its effectiveness and results in a toxic reaction with the motor neuron.

Other Possibilities

Researchers are also exploring other possibilities such as: autoimmune system dysfunction; a possible virus that attacks the nervous system; and accelerated aging of motor neurons.